ZARGES offers customised solutions for working safely at heights. ZARGES products comply with current German and international standards. Our development and production procedures certified in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001-2008 guarantee your safety and maximum reliability, among other things tested quality in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14122. What are DIN standards? DIN standards are published by the. “DIN” denotes German standards, while “DIN EN” denotes European standards that have been adopted in the German regulatory framework. DIN standards are available from the German Standardisation Institute only for a charge, e.g.

The Beuth publishing house is a subsidiary of the German Standardisation Institute. DIN standards are held in so-called repositories for public inspection; copies of all DIN standards are also kept in the German National Library. Many DIN standards and standard drafts are also published in DIN handbooks on specific subjects and are available in libraries. Extracts from individual standards can also be found on the Internet.

DIN standards relevant to access technology • EN ISO 9001: This standard lays down what is required of a quality management system (QM system). If a company wishes to demonstrate that it provides products that satisfy the requirements of customers and the requirements of the official bodies and if it is striving to increase customer satisfaction, it orientates itself to this standard. EN ISO 9001 describes in 8 chapters using models the entire QM system and is the basis for a comprehensive quality management system. • DIN EN 131 – Ladders: All ZARGES ladders comply with this standard. It consists of 4 parts, dealing with terms, types, functional sizes; requirements, testing, marking of ladders; safety instructions and user information. • DIN EN 14183 – Step stools: All ZARGES steps comply with this standard.

It contains information on the standardisation of steps. • DIN EN 1004 – Mobile access and working towers: A standard governing mobile access and working towers (work platforms) made of prefabricated components – materials, dimensions, design loads, and safety and performance requirements. • DIN EN 280 – Mobile elevating work platforms: A standard governing mobile elevating work platforms – design calculations, stability criteria, construction, safety, examinations and tests.

• DIN EN ISO 14122 – Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery: A four-part standard dealing with the choice of fixed means of access between two levels and with work platforms and walkways, stairs, stepladders and guard-rails, and fixed ladders. Legislative bodies have passed laws to protect employees. These too contain specifications relevant to the use of access equipment. German laws are made available by the Federal Justice Ministry free of charge. • ArbSchG – German Occupational Health and Safety Act: This is a German law governing the implementation of occupational safety measures to improve the safety and protect the health of employees. • BetrSichV – German Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health: This is an ordinance on safety and health protection in the provision of work equipment, on safety in the operation of systems requiring inspection and on the organisation of occupational health and safety. The employer's liability insurance association is a further body concerned with the safety of workplaces and issues binding regulations (Employer's Liability Insurance Association Regulation, BGV) and information publications (Employer's Liability Insurance Association Information, BGI).

These regulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Internet. A detailed search option can be found. • BGV D36 – Accident prevention regulation - ladders and steps: On 1 January 2008 BGV D36 ceased to be in force and was replaced by BGI 694 – Instructions for handling ladders and steps. • BGI 694 (employers' liability insurance association, building construction) ' Instructions for handling work and safety scaffolds.' This came into effect on 1.1.2008 and governs the inspection and testing of ladders and steps. The handling instructions contain the essentials from the “Accident prevention regulation - ladders and steps (BGV D36)” and those parts of the “Accident prevention regulations for construction work” pertaining to ladders.

BGI 694 is also structured to cover all sectors of industry. • BGI 637 – Platform ladders: Platform ladders as contemplated by this BG Information are access equipment that can be climbed on one or two sides with steps or flat rungs and a protected platform.

Palestinian legislative election, 2006 ← 25 January 2006 → All 132 seats to the 67 seats were needed for a majority First party Second party Third party Leader Party Leader's seat Last election Boycotted 55 seats Boycotted Seats won 74 45 3 Seat change 74 10 3 Popular vote 440,409 410,554 42,101 Percentage 44.45% 41.43% 4.25% Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party Leader Party Leader's seat Last election – – – Seats won 2 2 2 Seat change New New New Popular vote 28,973 26,909 23,862 Percentage 2.92% 2.72% 2.41% before election Elected PLC 2006: seats Structure. • • • Elections for the second Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislature of the (PNA), were held on 25 January 2006. The result was a victory for, contesting under the list name of Change and Reform, who won with 74 seats of the 132 seats, whilst the ruling won just 45. In terms of votes received, Hamas took 44.45% of the vote, whilst Fatah received 41.43% and of the Electoral Districts, Hamas party candidates received 41.73% and Fatah party candidates received 36.96%. The parliament was inaugurated on 18 February 2006. The,, resigned, but at the request of, remained as Prime Minister until 19 February 2006, when Hamas leader formed a. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Background [ ] The election of 2006 marked the second time Palestinians elected members to the Palestine Legislative Council; the had taken place in 1996.

Elections had been postponed for many years due to discord between Fatah and Hamas. An agreement in March 2005 produced the, which called for legislative elections with a (the 1996 elections had been based on the with multi-member constituencies.

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Palestinian voters in the and in the (including ) were eligible to participate in the election. Earlier, the and the had taken place. After the resounding victory of Hamas in these elections, Mahmoud Abbas unilaterally changed the voting system into a full system by presidential decree, bypassing the dysfunctional PLC. The United States had spent $2.3 million in on support for the Palestinian elections, allegedly designed to bolster the image of President Abbas and his Fatah party. USAID’s Offices used discretionary spending accounts for various projects, including tree planting, schoolroom additions, a soccer tournament, street cleaning, and computers at community centers. USAID removed its usual branding requirement on its sponsored activities.

The US was accused of trying to influence the outcome of the election. Electoral system [ ]. Map showing electoral districts and areas of formal Palestinian control (green) The previous elections chose 88 PLC members from several multimember constituencies via. In advance of the 2006 elections, Palestinian electoral law was changed to expand the PLC from 88 to 132 seats and to introduce a degree of via a system.

The divided the PLC election seats into two groups: 50% elected by proportional representation taking the as a single district and 50% by the majoritarian system in different districts. Each voter receives two ballots. On the first, the voter chooses one of several nationwide party lists.

66 of the PLC seats are distributed proportionally (in accordance with the ) to those lists that receive more than 2% of the total list votes; if a list receives six seats, then the six candidates at the top of the list are elected to the PLC. Each list must include at least one woman in the first three names, at least one woman in the next four names, and at least one woman in the five names that follow. The second ballot is for the voter's local constituency. The voter can cast up to as many votes for individual candidates as there are seats in his or her constituency. Votes are unweighted, and top-vote getters are elected to the PLC. For example, a voter in the Nablus district could cast up to six votes; the six candidates with the highest vote totals are elected. In some constituencies, one or two seats are set aside for the candidates with the most votes.

For instance, in Ramallah, a five-seat constituency, the Christian candidate with the most votes will be elected to the PLC, even if he or she is not among top five candidates overall. The six seats reserved for Christians are considered the minimum quota for their representation in the council.

The number of seats each electoral district receives is determined by its population; the breakdown is as follows: •: 6 seats (2 reserved for Christians) •: 1 seat •: 3 seats •: 2 seats •: 1 seat •: 6 seats •: 1 seat •: 5 seats (1 reserved for Christians) •: 4 seats •: 4 seats (2 reserved for Christians) •: 9 seats •: 5 seats •: 8 seats (1 reserved for Christians) •: 3 seats •: 5 seats •: 3 seats • Total: 66 seats (6 reserved for Christians) Campaign [ ] Fatah [ ] Before the 2006 election, the PLC was dominated by the movement, which held 68 of the 88 seats. However, Fatah had been beset by internal strife in advance of the elections, with younger and more popular figures like, who took part in the negotiations of the 1993, and (the latter currently serving five life sentences in an Israeli jail on charges) levelling allegations of corruption against Fatah leadership. Organised primary elections to determine its list members, but the results were disputed and central lists imposed in some areas. The younger faction submitted a list dubbed ('the Future'), headed by Barghouti. However, on December 28, 2005, the leadership of the two factions agreed to submit a single list to voters, headed by Barghouti, who began actively campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell. Despite this, the two groups were by no means fully reconciled. List of Change and Reform [ ] The main component of this list was the movement, Fatah's main rival on the Palestinian political scene.

Hamas has refused to recognize the right of Israel to exist. [ ] Hamas refused to participate in the because it viewed the Palestinian Authority as illegitimate due to its negotiations with [ ]; while it has not changed that stance [ ], it fielded candidates in 2006. Going into the election it had considerable momentum due to unexpected electoral success in the municipal elections in 2005. [ ] The prospect of a Palestinian Authority dominated by Hamas alarmed Western governments, [ ] which almost universally consider it to be a terrorist group [ ], and which provide foreign aid that makes up almost half of the PNA's budget [ ]. It was fear of a Hamas victory that was largely credited with driving the reconciliation between the main Fatah list and the breakaway faction.

[ ] Independent Palestine [ ] The list was headed by, a distant relative of Marwan Barghouti. Mustafa Barghouti came in second in the. The main component of this list was the. The list promised to fight corruption and nepotism, to demand the dismantling of the, which it terms the 'apartheid wall', and to provide 'a truly democratic and independent 'third way' for the large majority of silent and unrepresented Palestinian voters, who favour neither the autocracy and corruption of the governing Fatah party, nor the fundamentalism of Hamas.'

[ ] Abu Ali Mustafa [ ] This list was formed by the and is named after, the General Secretary of the PFLP who was assassinated by Israeli forces in 2001. The PFLP is the second largest member of the umbrella (PLO), after Fatah. Third Way [ ] The list was headed by Finance Minister and former PA Minister of Higher Education and Research. Their platform focused on reform of the security forces, democratic improvements and socioeconomic progress. In the run up to the election a Fatah leader in Nablus accused the Third Way of receiving funds from the CIA.

The Alternative [ ] list was a coalition of the, the, the (Fida), and various independents. The list was headed by (Abou Leila) from the DFLP.

The PPP candidate received 2.67% in the. In the list vote, its best vote was 6.6% in Bethlehem, followed by 4.5% in Ramallah and al-Bireh and 4.0% in Nablus. Wa'ad [ ] Also known as the, the list was headed by Gazan, who was a consultant to the Palestinian delegation to the and heads a group of Palestinian and Israeli academics working towards a peace agreement.

The list's main platform is security reforms, establishing the rule of law and respect for human rights. Further information: After the capture of on 25 June 2006, Israel launched a series of raids into Gaza and West Bank. Israel destroyed civilian infrastructure and arrested dozens of Hamas supporters, including elected cabinet ministers and members of the PLC. On 28 June overnight, the army invaded Gaza and performed airstrikes, bombing infrastructure such as bridges and an electricity station. On 29 June, the IDF detained from the West Bank 8 ministers and 26 PLC members in addition to many other political leaders.

By August 2006, Israel had arrested 49 senior Hamas officials, all from the West Bank, including 33 parliamentarians, 'because technically they were members of a terrorist organisation although they may not be involved in terrorist acts themselves'. Most of the detainees were strong moderated members within Hamas, urging leaders in Gaza to recognise Israel and ensure the party is acceptable to the international community. Hamas has accused Israel of trying to destroy the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority. Sanctions [ ].

Main article: Economic sanctions against the Palestinian National Authority and individual PLC members elected for Hamas were imposed by and the against the and the. On 28 January 2006, Israel said it would prevent Hamas leaders, including newly elected PLC deputies, from travelling between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. On 29 January, Ehud Olmert said that after Hamas sets up a Government, Israel would stop transferring to the PA custom duties and taxes it had collected on their behalf until it was satisfied that they would not end up in the hands of “terrorists”. US Secretary of State Rice declared that 'The United States wants other nations to cut off aid to a Hamas-led Palestinian Government, also ruling out any US financial assistance to a Hamas Government.' On 17 February, one day before the new parliament was sworn in, the current Fatah-led government returned $50 million US aid that Washington did not want to come in the hands of the new government. The money was destined out for infrastructure projects in Gaza.

On 30 January, the Quartet called for reviewing support for the future government against its commitment to the principles of nonviolence, recognition of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements and obligations, including the Roadmap. Questioning the Right to Govern [ ] Prior to the 2006 elections Israel had concerns that Hamas might win enough seats that it could demand a position in government. US President George Bush was not willing to press for Hamas’ exclusion from the election process. Abu Mazen (Abbas) was confident that Fatah would win the elections, as was Bush, who urged that the elections should take place. The Guardian observed that the unforeseen election win by Hamas 'was seen as an affront to the central premise of the Bush administration's policy in the Middle East - that democratic elections would inexorably lead to pro-western governments'. Fatah post-election impediments [ ].

Palestine-Israel Journal, Vol 13 No. •, 7 December 1995. PCHR, 4 September 2007 •, pp.

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